Typical Physical Properties

Applications

Foaming, the entrapment and breakout of large gas bubbles, is a common problem in many aqueous and non-aqueous fluids. Foaming in water base drilling fluids is not an uncommon problem. Foam in these systems can create many undesirable problems. There are many types of surface active agents used either singularly or in combination with one another to handle foam problems in water base fluids. Some of these additives are referred to as anti-foaming agents. They are added to a system to prevent foam from forming. Other types of additives are referred to as defoamers. These additives are used to reduce or eliminate foam that already exists in a system. Normally, both types of additives are used and are usually effective at concentrations below 1% by weight. PassiVator I is primarily considered a defoamer but will act as an anti-foamer under certain conditions. The selection of a proper defoamer for a given fluid system is still more of an art than it is a science. Selection is usually based on trial and error testing. Each type of defoamer will function under some optimal condition for a given type of system. Small scale testing of defoamers for both the type and concentration required is usually necessary to obtain optimum performance. Although other defoamers can be used, PassiVator I has been designed to use specifically with aphron-based drilling fluids when and if there is a need for defoaming. PassiVator I is most effectively applied by spraying the neat product as a fine mist directly on the foam on the fluid surface. It can also be diluted with a hydrocarbon oil, mineral oil or synthetic oil and either sprayed directly on the foam on surface or added with a chemical pump directly to the fluid. Properly prepared aphron-based fluids do not foam. PassiVator I treatments will only be required as a defoamer when the low-shear-rate viscosity of the fluid has dropped below acceptable levels. Such a condition might occur on massive dilution of the aphron-based fluid. Under normal circumstances, any foam occurring in an aphron-based fluid should be treated by increasing the low-shear- rate viscosity to an acceptable level. PassiVator I should only be considered for use as insurance during initial makeup or dilution when the proper low-shear-rate viscosity has not been obtained.

Advantages

• PassiVator I works well in all types of water base drilling fluids.
• PassiVator I is a multi-component blend of surface active materials based on selected polyglycols.

Limitations

Precautions should be taken to keep the product from exceptional low temperatures. Although low temperatures will not affect the performance of the product, it will result in significant increase in viscosity and more difficulty in dispersing small quantities in water. See the Material Safety Data Sheet for more detailed information concerning storage, handling, transportation, disposal and safety requirements.

Packaging and Storage

PassiVator I is packaged in 5 gallon (18.9 liter) non-returnable pails.